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Translation, Literature, Contemporaneity and Transcultural Representations
Maria Aparecida Salgueiro, University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Research in the last decades has shown that translation is not only an interlingual process, but fundamentally, an intercultural activity. In the contemporary world, transcultural representation of different orders is recurrent. The approach to cultural transference in translation, focusing on the translator's ability to "negotiate" the understanding of specificities of cultures and their differences, stands out among research objects in the field. The globalization of communication, multiculturalism, tradition and cultural transmission give rise to constant ideological debates, fueled by politics. In such scenery, the role of Translation in propagating cultural diversity is fundamental. In transcultural representations, mediation is performed by translators and interpreters. Following up the widening trends in Literary Theory along the second half of the XXth century, the nature of literary study has changed meaningfully, up to contemporary 'World Literature'. In such panorama, Literature today is seen as a privileged discursive field for interdisciplinary study. Compared Literature and Translation Studies intertwine voicing possibilities and modes of analysis unthinkable of so far. Under such perspective, this panel gathers works that focus on narratives by/on peoples and social groups who are subjugated and/or marginalized in contemporaneity in political, social and cultural terms, as well as on those that question established stereotypes of subjugated peoples and communities, ethnicities, immigrants. One of the main intriguing and challenging topics that may be a point in future research agendas in a world that discusses the African Diaspora so intensely nowadays is the one related to the translation of blackness. In other words, half of the the panel aims among other points to present research conclusions and works in progress about how blackness is/has been translated in different contexts and geographical spaces, observing power relations, processes of colonial, post-colonial and post-hegemonic identity construction, the uprising of literary canons, cultural hegemony and globalization, demythifying spaces and showing translation as an activity that occurs not in a neutral space, but inside social and political concrete situations. In this sense, this Panel takes a clear perspective of intervention, of the construction of alternatives, by bringing and/or taking back to the academic environment, dialogue and investigation in its dual condition of reflective attitude. Studies proposed by critics like Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Paul Gilroy, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Stuart Hall, George Yúdice, David Damrosch among others to be suggested, are relevant to the debate in question. Dialogue with works by Translation Studies scholars such as Edwin Gentzler, Mary Tymoczko, Susan Bassnett, Lawrence Venuti and others will also take place.
For informal enquiries: [cidasal3ATgmailDOTcom]
MARIA APARECIDA ANDRADE SALGUEIRO is International Visiting Professor at the Dartmouth College (USA) since 2011. She is Associate Professor at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), where she is Coordinator of the Center for Translation and Intercultural Studies, and Professor and Supervisor in Masters and PhD courses in African-American, Afro-Brazilian Literatures, and Intercultural Translation. She had Post Doctorate Studies at the University of London (UCL)-2008. She has been publishing extensively and is the author of "Escritoras Negras Contemporaneas: Estudo de Narrativas - Estados Unidos e Brasil" ("Contemporary Black Women Writers: Narrative Studies - USA and Brazil").
PANEL STRUCTURE
SESSION PLAN
Each paper is allocated with a 20 minutes time slot.
In this Panel discussion time will be used at the end of each session
INTRODUCTION SECTION: 10 minutes
PART I: MINORITY LANGUAGES AND MIGRANT WRITING IN TRANSLATION
PAPER 1:
Title: Minority languages and translation - the "Camilleri case" in Brazil
Speaker: Solange Carvalho (USP)
PAPER 2:
Title: Migrant writing and a much-anticipated return: translation as reconciliation with the lost mother tongue
Speaker: Tiziana Nannavecchia (University of Ottawa)
PAPER 3:
Title: Translation, Migration and the Problem of Narrating the Self
Speaker: Aurelia Klimkiewicz (Glendon College)
DISCUSSION TIME: 30 minutes
PART II: TRANSLATING BLACK LITTERATURE 1
PAPER 4
Title: The face of (non) political engagement in Brazilian translations of Native Son, by Richard Wright
Speaker: Lauro Maia Amorim (UNESP)
PAPER 5:
Title: Afro-Brazilian Literature in Translation: Ponciá Vicêncio in the North-American Context
Speaker: Marcela Iochem Valente (UERJ)
PAPER 6:
Title: Translated literature and power relations: Beloved in the Brazilian cultural context
Speaker: Luciana Mesquita (CEFET/RJ-PUC-Rio)
PAPER 7:
Title: Dalit Literatures in Translation: the Politics of Humour, Swearing and Obscenity
Speaker: Hephzibah Israel (University of Edinburgh)
PAPER 8:
Title: Race beyond the disgrace: Black women translate themselves into contemporary literature
Speaker: Felipe Fanuel Xavier Rodrigues (UERJ/Fulbright/CAPES)
PAPER 9:
Title: The instant of the poetic glimpse – Black women's voices and representations of childhood in the African Diaspora
Speaker: Susana Fuentes (UERJ/FAPERJ/CAPES)
DISCUSSION TIME: 20 minutes
WRAP-UP SECTION: 10 minutes
PAPER TITLES, ABSTRACTS AND BIONOTES
PAPER 1:
Title: Minority languages and translation - the "Camilleri case" in Brazil
Speaker: Solange Carvalho (USP)
Abstract: Italy is characterized by the coexistence of standard Italian and other languages, nowadays called "minority or regional languages", and in Italy itself known as "dialects", such as Sicilian, Piedmontese, Calabrese, Friulan. In Italy there has always been a suggestive output of literary works written either in part or fully in one of these dialects. In his work "Passione e ideologia" (1960), Pier Paolo Pasolini analyses the strong trend of dialect-written poetry produced in the first decades of the 20th century, and also mentions some prose works, including among these latter Carlo Emilio Gadda's novels, with their innovative use of Italian and many dialects, besides the use of technical lexicon and terms adopted in bureaucratic texts. During the two last decades of the last century, Italian literature witnessed a renewed interest in the depiction of regional characteristics, including the presence of dialects, both in poetry and in prose. And in the 1990s one writer started publishing novels which, ere long, became the focus of attention both from critics and the general public, first in Italy, and soon afterwards abroad: Andrea Camilleri. Born in Sicily, his works are characterized by the highly unconventional use of both Sicilian and Italian languages, which became known as his "hybrid language" and helped to strengthen the Sicilian language that seemed to have been losing its power in Sicily, thanks to the major influence of standard Italian among the younger generations. This "hybrid language" also became the most distinctive point of Camilleri's works all over the world, and it challenges translators with one very important question: how to convey to foreign readers, in cultures so different from the Italian, the writer's "Sicilianised" Italian? If we consider the linguistic and social situation in Brazil, we understand that here this coexistence of one standard language and several regional languages does not exist. This can be seen as one major issue for translators, since we have to find different strategies to convey the hybridization adopted by Camilleri and at the same time, produce a text that can be appealing to the public as a whole. Translation studies have analyzed different proposals for presenting what does not belong to the standard language, with meaningful insights offered by Chapdelaine (1994), Lane-Mercier (1997) and Pym (2000), among others. Considering the many possible approaches to the use of Sicilian language in Camilleri's work – sociolinguistics, stylistics, linguistic – and having in mind the arguments discussed by Eco in "Dire quasi la stessa cosa"/"Experiences in Translation" (2000), that since it is not possible to present all the characteristics of the source language in a given translated text, we propose in the first place an interdisciplinary analysis related to the camillerian style, besides a study of characteristics of non-standard Portuguese, and then we'll proceed to an analysis of chosen excerpts of some camillerian novels, allowing a deeper evaluation of the possibilities and strategies for the translation of minority languages into Portuguese.
Bionote: SOLANGE CARVALHO (USP) is a translator, who is currently doing post-doctorate research in the Translation Studies Program (FFLCH/USP), analyzing the translations of Andrea Camilleri's novels into Portuguese. She earned PhD degree in Morphology and Portuguese Language, analyzing neologisms in the prose work of Brazilian writer Ariano Suassuna (USP, 2011). She has a Master's degree in Literary Studies with a proposal for the translation of Yorkshire dialect found in the novel "Wuthering Heights" into Portuguese (2007). Her main research interests are non-standard language, translation of varieties into Portuguese and neologisms in Brazilian Portuguese.
PAPER 2:
Title: Migrant writing and a much-anticipated return: translation as reconciliation with the lost mother tongue
Speaker: Tiziana Nannavecchia (University of Ottawa)
Abstract: Cultural practices born out of contexts of itinerancy invite us to reconsider the way selves are created and transfigured across physical and cultural borders and boundaries. More than statistics or economics-related data about migration and its actors, artistic productions –– and more specifically literature — are where transnational identities are best formed and depicted. In fact, regardless of the type of narration and how fictitious characters may or may not be, the narratorial voice in migrant literature reveals a lot about the experience of leaving a homeland to settle and adjust into a new, foreign environment. Recently, as a consequence of the steep rise in world migration and coincidental to the increasing interest in the subject of ethnicity and cultural hybridity, there has been a noticeable growth in attention to the narratives dealing with migrancy. These literary productions are considered emblematic of how (cultural) identities are built and relationships between self and others develop in situations of multi/transculturalism. Furthermore, the increasing interest in migrant literature seems correlated to the rise of Cultural Studies, which have nurtured the ongoing debate around the dichotomies of I/Other and familiarity/foreignness at the core of our age of migration. A parallel interest in Cultural Studies has also been observed within the field of Translation Studies starting in the 1980s, the so-called 'cultural turn'; meanwhile, as suggested by Susan Bassnett, a 'translation turn' in Cultural Studies has been mutually taking place. Within the framework of the concepts of cultural translation and translation of cultures, which are raising an increasing interest in the current internationalized and interdisciplinary field of Translation Studies, the proposed study discusses the role played by the translation act in disseminating and promoting itinerant (minority) voices – which represent some of the most valuable works of our times, but are often confined to geographically limited areas – across geographical/linguistic/cultural world frontiers. Supported by textual evidence (specifically, linguistic and thematic elements) from Italian-Canadian migrant narratives, the present work intends to support the claim that translation may finally represent, for some of these authors, the much anticipated and rarely fulfilled dream of returning to the (idealized) motherland. This 'return migration' is not only a rapprochement to the native soil, but it can also be read as a reconciliation with the lost mother tongue, symbolized by the translation of the English and/or French language Italian-Canadian migrant narratives into the abandoned Italian language.
Bionote: TIZIANA NANNAVECCHIA (University of Ottawa) is a candidate in the doctoral program in Translation Studies with Specialization in Canadian Studies at the University of Ottawa, Canada, researching in the field of literary translation and multilingualism, with a focus on Italian-Canadian literature and its fate in Italian translation. She is Research Assistant at the School of Translation and Interpretation of the same institution.
PAPER 3:
Title: Translation, Migration and the Problem of Narrating the Self
Speaker: Aurelia Klimkiewicz (Glendon College)
Abstract: Since the cultural turn in Translation Studies in the 1990s, the emphasis on cultural contact and exchange has allowed to "unpack[...] the regimes of difference that shape our identity" (Karpinski 2013: 11). Considered an ideologically charged activity, translation becomes context-dependent and is consequently investigated in light of the conditions of its production that reveal historically structured power imbalances, as well as mechanisms that maintain cultural boundaries and established hierarchies. Additionally, the recent mobility turn (Sheller & Urry 2006) has emphasized the relevance of translation in the context of social and cultural instability provoked, for instance, by exile or migration. In such a context, translation plays a crucial role in both the production of the narrative of displacement (sense of belonging) and in the reconfiguration of the self (identity). Translation thus actively participates not only in the communication between the self and the foreign, but more importantly in the meaning making that is processed through an enlarged network of languages and cultural connections, including the context of the host society, the country of origin or other ethnic entities. Over time, this network becomes a dense space of intersubjective adjustments that requires translation as a main tool of exchange with multiple others. If 'sameness' relies on the common origin (space, language, history, etc.), in contrast, difference and multiplicity have to rely on translation because only the latter can establish a connection with others who are foreigners, as well as with the altered uprooted self that strives for a sense of belonging and aims to rebuild social ties in the new environment. Therefore, the presentation will pertain to the role that translation plays in the production of both the 'narrative of displacement' and the 'narrative identity' (Ricoeur 1990) that take place in the context of migration marked by the trauma of separation (Cyrulnik 2012). The Heideggerian grounded self ('at home') will thus be contrasted with the scenario of the uprooted self that is situated in 'the spatiality of synchronicity' (Sakai 1997) and that deals with tensions between 'the here' and 'the there', and the overall instability of subject position, as well as the problem of intergenerational transmission of cultural memory. Paper will conclude with the discussion of the ethics of non-translation.
Bionote: AURELIA KLIMKIEWICZ (Glendon College) teaches at the School of Translation at Glendon College, York University, Canada. Her research interests include theory of translation, the hermeneutics of the multilingual self, the ethics of translation, and the aesthetics of exile. Her current work focuses on translation in the multilingual context, more specifically on the identity and mobility of the translator. She has authored numerous articles and book chapters on translation theory, migrant identity, self-translation, and translation of francophone minority literature into Polish.
PAPER 5:
Title: Afro-Brazilian Literature in Translation: Ponciá Vicêncio in the North-American Context
Speaker: Marcela Iochem Valente (UERJ)
Abstract: This paper intends to investigate some aspects related to the translation of Conceição Evaristo's "Ponciá Vicêncio" (2003) into English. This novel, written by an Afro-Brazilian female writer, was translated by Paloma Martinez-Cruz – Assistant Professor of Latino Cultural and Literary Studies at Ohio State University – and published in the United States in 2007, by Host Publications. Considering that translation is not merely an interlingual process, but that it also involves many cultural issues, in addition to the fact that the systemic place occupied by a certain work in its source culture is not necessarily repeated in the target culture due to political, social and cultural differences, this paper seeks to understand the systemic places occupied by Conceição Evaristo and her work both in the Brazilian and North-American cultural polysystems. This study takes into account aspects such as the motivation to perform the translation of this work, the critical reception of "Ponciá Vicêncio" in the source and target cultures, as well as the systemic places occupied by the writer and her work in the cultural polysystems of origin and reception. This investigation intends to clarify some questions such as to what extent the insertion of Afro-Brazilian literature can influence or even change the image of Brazilian literature/culture in the North-American polysystem, and the possible impact that Evaristo's image in the U.S. may have on the position she occupies in the Brazilian literary polysystem – or even in the recent establishment of an Afro-Brazilian literary system. The study of the process of insertion of Conceição Evaristo in the North-American literary polysystem via translation will be informed by the polysystem theory, as proposed by Itamar Even-Zohar, the Descriptive Translation Studies – DTS, especially by the ideas of Gideon Toury and André Lefevere, and some ideas by Lawrence Venuti on the generation and manipulation of cultural images. Thus, this paper will show how translation is inextricably intertwined with cultural, political and ideological questions.
Bionote: MARCELA IOCHEM VALENTE (UERJ) is Adjunct Professor of English at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. Her major field of interest is translation as intercultural transfer. She deals with the translation of African-American and Afro-Brazilian literary productions into Portuguese and English, respectively. She is the author of "Lorraine Hansberry and 'A Raisin in the Sun': Challenges and Trends Presented by an African-American Play" (LAP Publishing, 2010) and co-editor of "Subversive Voices Breaking Silences: Questions of Identity and Otherness in English Language Literatures" (LAP Publishing, 2012).
PAPER 6:
Title: Translated literature and power relations: Beloved in the Brazilian cultural context
Speaker: Luciana Mesquita (CEFET/RJ-PUC-Rio)
Abstract: This paper will investigate the relationship between translation and power, which includes "political control and subversion, the power of translation to construct political discourses, and the power of the translators as agents, as well as ideological aspects of culture governing translation such as discourse structures and censorship" (Tymoczko, 2007: 45). Therefore, this study will focus on the African American female author Toni Morrison and the reception of her translated literature in Brazil. Our aim is to describe the different historical contexts relative to the translations of her novel "Beloved" (1987) into Brazilian Portuguese, published under the title "Amada". The first translation was done by Evelyn Kay Massaro and launched by the publishing houses 'Best Seller' and 'Círculo do Livro', in 1989 and 1994, respectively. The second one was written by José Rubens Siqueira and published by 'Companhia das Letras' publishing company in 2007 and 2011. Our proposition will try to show how translation is related to the target language culture, values and ideology and how it changes over time. Questions as the following ones will guide our analysis: 'How are the paratexts of "Amada" constituted in its different editions?' 'How is blackness approached, especially in the case of African American English (AAE)?' 'Considering such components and the reception of "Amada", what would be the representations of Morrison and her work in Brazil?' 'Are they similar or different from the ones that can be observed in the American context?' Concerning its theoretical basis, the paper will include the ideas on translation proposed by scholars such as Bassnett and Lefevere (1990), Toury (1995), and Tymoczko (2007). Moreover, works by Hall (2003) and Ashcroft et al (2005), related to Cultural Studies – Post-Colonial Studies in particular – will be important to the discussion of the political, ideological and cultural factors involved in the translation activity.
Bionote: LUCIANA MESQUITA (CEFET/RJ-PUC-Rio) is Professor of English and Portuguese at the Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ). She is a PhD student at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) and holds a Master of Arts in Literary Theory and a Bachelor of Arts in Translation from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Her research involves the relationship between translation and the target language culture, values and ideology, focusing on Toni Morrison's translated literature in Brazil.
PAPER 7:
Title: Dalit Literatures in Translation: the Politics of Humour, Swearing and Obscenity
Speaker: Hephzibah Israel (University of Edinburgh)
Abstract: The Dalit communities of India are the "blacks" of South Asia. They have historically been oppressed and marginalised by dominant sections of Indian society for centuries. Despite many efforts at political and economic restoration of the Dalit community, marginalization continues especially at a social and cultural level. From the second half of the twentieth century, Dalit writers have emerged who for the first time have been able to give voice to the oppressive conditions that they live in postcolonial India. Like Black writing from Africa and North America, Dalits have used literature and language as a tool to speak of their 'blackness'. Even now, however, much of their writing is kept out of literary canons of Indian language literatures, or postcolonial "Indian Literature" and even fewer works are deemed worthy of translation. This paper will focus on literary texts written by Dalits to pick out the literary strategies that they employ to speak of their blackness. In particular, Tamil Dalit writers use a range of non-standard Tamil language registers as a political strategy of resistance, i.e. from regional 'Dalit' dialects, colloquialisms that mark the language as 'Dalit,' themes of resistance to their use of 'black humour', swearing and obscenity. Together, these question conventions of good writing in Tamil (and Indian) literature and thus disrupt entrenched hierarchies of literary taste, social caste and political oppression. Translating their satirical writing is therefore not only challenging but itself an act of intervention, where translators must go against the grain of what is considered 'literature' in the Indian context. The paper will demonstrate how concepts of the comic from literary theory can be useful tools to study translation contexts that engage with non-standard language use. It will draw on critical theory of the comic to study the social interventionist politics of writers, translators and their audiences, i.e. how the comic can function as a powerful political tool of resistance and radical questioning. The paper will analyze how the role and visibility of the translator as mediator of marginal cultures is affected by such strategies adopted to convey non-standard language registers and literary themes.
Bionote: HEPHZIBAH ISRAEL (University of Edinburgh) is Lecturer in Translation Studies, University of Edinburgh. She has researched literary and sacred translations in the South Asian context, with particular focus on Protestant religions, language and identity politics. Her book entitled "Religious Transactions in Colonial South India: Language, Translation and the Making of Protestant Identity" (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) studies evolving attitudes to translation practices in the Tamil literary and sacred landscapes from the early eighteenth century and offers fresh perspectives on the translated Bible as an object of cultural transfer. She has also published articles on translation studies and South Asian literary cultures.
PAPER 8:
Title: Race beyond the disgrace: Black women translate themselves into contemporary literature
Speaker: Felipe Fanuel Xavier Rodrigues (UERJ/Fulbright/CAPES)
Abstract: One of the marked characteristics of the present-day literary production of Black women in countries where people from Africa were enslaved in the past is their commitment to cultural heritage. If both the United States of America and Brazil have been influenced by African and African descendant cultures throughout their history, it is certain that this influence has produced distinct cultural manifestations, especially when it comes to contexts that are generated by encounters forced by slavery. Taken broadly, this issue is related to African Diaspora, which is "understood in academia to imply geographical localities where Africans and Africa-descended persons have (im)migrated (forced or otherwise) and contributed to the formation of nation and national culture" (TILLIS, 2009). That is to say, the social problems from the colonial situation have not been forgotten by the contemporary African-American and Afro-Brazilian literatures in both countries. Hence, the literature of current Black writers tackles issues that are noticeable for conflicts in their respective socio-cultural contexts. This paper is primarily devoted to the works of the Black female writers Maya Angelou (1928-2014) in the United States and Mãe Beata de Yemonjá (1931-) in Brazil, investigating the religious implications embedded in their works. As this is research in Comparative Literature, the purpose is to draw comparisons and distances between their respective texts and contexts. Close attention is given to the images, myths and traditions of neo-African religions in the New World such as Candomblé and Black Protestantism as they are portrayed in their creative writings from an individual point of view. Assuming that the contemporary literary production of Black women constitutes the main form of the cultural materiality to be read, it is crucial to inquire how both of them have been able to survive and resist by using the narrative form of storytelling, despite all the odds in their cultural and historical contexts. After all, by writing from their very personal experiences, Angelou and Mãe Beata tell stories based on what they have lived in order to pass their wisdom to the readers. Through the lenses of a cultural paradigm, culture is understood as a site of political and social discussion and struggle in terms of race. Such is the multidisciplinary nature of Cultural Studies and African Diaspora Studies that it is exactly their broad perspectives that demand critical investigation in different fields of knowledge if they are intended to go beyond the formality of literature. Therefore, in this paper, literature, translation and cultural issues do not exclude each other, because they become fundamental tools to enrich the critical readings.
Bionote: FELIPE FANUEL XAVIER RODRIGUES (UERJ/Fulbright/CAPES) is a PhD student in Comparative Literature at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. He has a Master's degree in Religious Studies from the Methodist University of São Paulo. He received his B.A. in Letters from the State University of Rio de Janeiro and his B.A. in Theology from the Methodist University of São Paulo. He has been awarded a Fulbright/CAPES grant for visiting student researcher study in Literature at the Dartmouth College, in the United States, for 2014-2015.
PAPER 9:
Title: The instant of the poetic glimpse – Black women's voices and representations of childhood in the African Diaspora
Speaker: Susana Fuentes (UERJ/FAPERJ/CAPES)
Abstract: Affirming distinct contexts of age, class, gender, territories and cultures, the purpose of the present study is to perceive the aesthetic glimpse translating memories and reinventing childhood, as well as reshaping cities, landscapes, streets. Through the lenses of transnational spaces, the focus will be on Afro-descendant contemporary women writers living in cities as different as Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Berlin. Each author reinvents her own places in fiction where she creates a new home. New sights inform the imagined territories and the polyphonic qualities within an imagined unity, elaborating new subjectivities. Preserving something by means of resistance - 'resilience', their strategies are seen here as translation of the ancient, transferring, transforming, in order to re-open the gap, to arrange the fissures and inhabit the earth. To take back and forth, to bring forth within the language – transforming it – and hence making way to something new. As Paul Gilroy announces, a movement "that struggles to repeat the unrepeatable, to present the unpresentable" (GILROY). Women, memories, childhood, renewed qualities of desire displacing the imagined borders; nurturing reinventions of the self in that Black Atlantic. As in Molara Ogundipe-Leslie's raising voice: "We must discover 'diaspora literacy' and, through it, strengthen our similarities through our differences and our inalienable historical common origins and experiences" (DAVIES, C.B and OGUNDIPE-LESLIE). Memories take place by reinventing the self, and in this movement of dealing with silences, gaps, loss, finding a place to come back to – the experience of return. How to inhabit the text, to recover the body within the context of contemporaneity, and the issues of a globalized world? Afro descendant women have been elaborating their homes in the context of exile. How do they create this space to say: here and there? Which are the strategies? Which characters are portrayed as able to translate this movement? Different works will be analyzed, from short-story to essay and poetry, written in English, Portuguese, Spanish and German. Transcultural representations contributing to depict memories, and to delineate a history of memories built by women in the African Diaspora, blurring the borders, producing spaces in-between (BHABHA). This is the recurrent tension we may grasp – bringing different outcomes: "standing for the return and rediscussing its shape – tradition; or standing for the creation and acknowledgment of something new – translation" (SALGUEIRO, on HALL). The intercultural activity, the plurality of paths in the texts installs the source of one's power in creative speech. As Carole Boyce Davies points out, "women come to voice in writing or speaking - or break through silence by: [...] locating oneself in society and speaking from there." Here we depict the 'diaspora literacy' as a place on the world stage, as resilience, as a resistance and a 'getting over'. Spirits and bodies find their word and redefine the world; nurturing the gap, founding or simply reorganizing spaces to dwell on earth. The investigation includes reading of GATES, SAID, SPIVAK, DERRIDA, and also works on intercultural translation by GENTZLER and VENUTI, among others.
Bionote: SUSANA FUENTES (UERJ/FAPERJ/CAPES) is currently Postdoctoral researcher and holder of the Capes/FAPERJ Fellowship at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. She holds an MA in Brazilian Literature and a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the same University. Her debut novel "Luzia" (7Letras, 2011), developed as part of her Ph.D. dissertation, was a finalist for the 'São Paulo Prize for Literature' (2012). As part of her Research Activities as a postdoctoral fellow, she has presented lectures on Afro-Brazilian women's voices and has contributed to courses in African-American and Afro Brazilian Literatures led by her supervisor in Masters and PhD courses.